Plains rat

Pseudomys australis

Blamed on foxes

IUCN status: Vulnerable

EPBC Predator Threat Rating: ****

IUCN claim: “Recent research has demonstrated marked detrimental impact of introduced predators: Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and feral Domestic Cats (Felis catus)”

Studies in support

Plains rats remains were found in the foxes’ diet (Pavey et al. 2008; Pavey et al. 2014). Read & Cunningham (2010) described an occasion where more plains rats were captured inside than outside a fenced reserve where carnivores were excluded (no data or analysis was provided). Rats were last confirmed at Koonchera Dune, SA, 24 years after foxes arrived (Current submission).

Studies not in support

Rats were last confirmed in NSW 63 years before foxes arrived (Current submission).

Is the threat claim evidence-based?

There are no studies evidencing a negative association between foxes and plains rats which report data. In contradiction with the claim, NSW extirpation record pre-dates fox arrival record.

Evidence linking Pseudomys australis to foxes. A. Systematic review of evidence for an association between Pseudomys australis and foxes. Positive studies are in support of the hypothesis that foxes contribute to the decline of Pseudomys australis, negative studies are not in support. Predation studies include studies documenting hunting or scavenging; baiting studies are associations between poison baiting and threatened mammal abundance where information on predator abundance is not provided; population studies are associations between threatened mammal and predator abundance. B. Last records of extirpated populations relative to earliest local records of foxes. Error bars show record uncertainty range. Predator arrival records were digitized from Fairfax 2019. Small points show unconfirmed records (excluded from analyses). See methods section in [current submission] for details on evidence categories.

References

Current submission (2023) Scant evidence that introduced predators cause extinctions.

EPBC. (2013) Threat Abatement Plan for Predation by the European Red Fox (2008). Five yearly review. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Government of Australia (Appendix E: EPBC Act listed threatened species).

Fairfax, Dispersal of the introduced red fox (Vulpes vulpes) across Australia. Biol. Invasions 21, 1259-1268 (2019).

IUCN Red List. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ Accessed June 2023

Pavey, C.R., Cole, J.R., McDonald, P.J. and Nano, C.E., 2014. Population dynamics and spatial ecology of a declining desert rodent, Pseudomys australis: the importance of refuges for persistence. Journal of Mammalogy, 95(3), pp.615-625.

Pavey, C.R., Eldridge, S.R. and Heywood, M., 2008. Population dynamics and prey selection of native and introduced predators during a rodent outbreak in arid Australia. Journal of Mammalogy, 89(3), pp.674-683.

Read, J.L. and Cunningham, R., 2010. Relative impacts of cattle grazing and feral animals on an Australian arid zone reptile and small mammal assemblage. Austral Ecology, 35(3), pp.314-324.